Learn how to calculate gear ratio, understand its effect on speed, torque, and power, select the right gears for your application, and avoid common design mistakes. This guide also covers gear materials, case-hardened gears, practical selection tips, and essential gear terminology.
How does an Inertial Navigation System (INS) really work? What happens between an IMU measurement and a navigation solution? This article explains, step by step, how modern INS algorithms estimate attitude, remove gravity, integrate acceleration into velocity and position, fuse IMU and GNSS data with a Kalman Filter, and continue navigating even when GNSS signals are lost. Whether you’re developing UAVs, autonomous vehicles, EO/IR systems, or other mission-critical platforms, this practical guide reveals what happens inside a professional inertial navigation system.
