2. IP67 vs. Hermetic Sealing – Two Different Approaches to Protecting Inertial Sensors

One common misconception when selecting electronic sensors for harsh environments is that a high IP rating necessarily indicates the highest possible level of sealing protection.

In reality, IP ratings and hermetic sealing address different aspects of enclosure protection and are designed to meet different engineering requirements.

While IP ratings focus on protection against the ingress of solid particles and water under defined test conditions, hermetic sealing focuses on limiting gas leakage through the package boundaries using dedicated test methods and acceptance criteria.

2.1 What Does IP67 Actually Guarantee?

The IEC 60529 standard defines enclosure protection ratings using two digits.

For IP67:

• The first digit, 6, indicates dust-tight protection under the specified test conditions.

• The second digit, 7, indicates protection against harmful water ingress during temporary immersion under defined test conditions.

This rating is suitable for a wide range of industrial systems, outdoor equipment, sensors, and electronic assemblies exposed to dust and water.

However, understanding its limitations is essential.

IP67 testing is not designed to measure extremely small gas leak rates through an enclosure, nor does it provide quantitative information about water vapor transmission over several years.

Consequently, even when liquid water cannot directly enter an enclosure, there is no guarantee that its internal environment will remain unchanged throughout the product’s service life.

2.2 What Is Hermetic Sealing?

Hermetic sealing is a packaging approach designed to limit gas transmission through the package boundaries to a low, specified level.

Depending on the design, hermetically sealed electronic packages may incorporate materials and technologies such as:

• Metal enclosures with welded joints.

• Glass-to-metal seals.

• Hermetic electrical feedthroughs.

• Ceramic packages with sealed joints.

• Specialized soldering, brazing, and sealing processes for electronic packages.

The objective is to establish a stable sealing boundary around internal components while minimizing potential leakage paths.

However, hermetic sealing does not imply absolutely zero leakage. From an engineering perspective, hermeticity is defined through allowable leak rates, specified test conditions, and acceptance criteria.

The lower the measured leak rate, the smaller the amount of gas passing through leakage paths under the specified measurement conditions.

It is important to emphasize that a low leak rate does not automatically translate into a specific service life. Evaluating long-term moisture ingress risks also requires considering the package’s internal volume, environmental conditions, gas composition, and material properties.

2.3 Engineering Comparison – IP67 vs. Hermetic Sealing

The key engineering conclusion is that IP67 and hermetic sealing are not competing ratings on the same scale.

A system may require both, depending on its operating environment and reliability requirements.

For example, the external enclosure of a military system may need to withstand rain, dust, and temporary immersion, while the inertial sensor installed inside it may use a hermetically sealed package to protect its internal components against long-term moisture exposure.

2.4 Why Is This Distinction Particularly Important in Military Applications?

Consider a stabilized electro-optical system installed on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).

During operation, the system may experience low temperatures at high altitude and significantly higher temperatures on the ground. It may also be exposed to humidity, rain, vibration, and repeated power cycling.

An external enclosure rated IP67 can help prevent water from entering the assembly.

However, if the system contains a gyroscope with a non-hermetic package, gradual moisture ingress into the sensor’s internal enclosure may still occur, depending on its construction and sealing methods.

Over time, this exposure may increase the risk of corrosion and electrical failures and, in certain cases, indirectly affect measurement stability.

In a stabilization system, unexpected changes in the gyroscope output may degrade control performance, particularly when high angular stability is required.

Therefore, when designing advanced defense systems, sealing requirements should be evaluated not only at the external system level but also at the inertial sensor package level.

3. MIL-STD-883 – How Is Hermeticity Tested in Electronic Packages?

When high-reliability hermetic sealing is required, MIL-STD-883 is one of the established testing frameworks used in the microelectronics industry.

This standard includes a wide range of test methods intended to evaluate the quality, reliability, and environmental robustness of microelectronic devices.

In the context of hermetic sealing, one of the key methods is MIL-STD-883 Method 1014 – Seal.

This method addresses package seal integrity through testing techniques capable of detecting different levels of leakage.

It is important to emphasize that MIL-STD-883 is not a general enclosure protection rating like IP67. Demonstrating compliance requires identifying the applicable test method, test conditions, and acceptance criteria.

3.1 Gross Leak Testing

Gross Leak Testing is intended to identify relatively large leakage paths in a package.

Such leakage may result from mechanical joint defects, cracks, welding imperfections, or failures in the sealing process.

Different testing techniques may be used depending on the package design and the applicable revision of the standard.

The purpose of Gross Leak Testing is to verify that the package does not contain significant defects that allow gases or liquids to pass through at relatively high rates.

However, successfully passing a Gross Leak Test does not necessarily demonstrate compliance with the more stringent hermeticity requirements associated with detecting extremely small leaks.

3.2 Fine Leak Testing

Fine Leak Testing is designed to detect much smaller leaks that may not be identified through conventional sealing tests.

One commonly used technique involves exposing the package to helium gas under specified pressure and time conditions. Following exposure, helium escaping from the package is measured using a highly sensitive leak detector.

Other helium-based testing techniques may also be used, depending on the package design and applicable standard requirements.

Helium is particularly suitable for these tests because of its physical properties and the high detection sensitivity achievable with specialized leak detection equipment.

An important distinction must be made between the actual measured leak rate and the calculated equivalent leak rate under reference conditions, depending on the testing method.

Interpretation of the results depends on several factors, including the package’s internal volume, exposure pressure, exposure duration, and the time elapsed between exposure and measurement.

3.3 What Does a Leak Rate of 1 × 10⁻⁹ atm·cm³/s Mean?

As part of its introduction of new hermetic packaging solutions, Gladiator Technologies specifies a hermetic leak rate of:

The unit atm·cm³/s expresses gas leak rate as pressure multiplied by volume per unit of time.

For illustration, a leak rate of 1 × 10⁻⁹ atm·cm³/s represents a gas throughput expressed as pressure-volume per unit time, under specified reference conditions.

This represents an exceptionally low leak rate.

However, this value should not be interpreted as a direct measurement of how much water will enter the package over one year, nor can it independently determine the expected service life of the sensor.

The relationship between helium leak rate and actual moisture ingress depends on additional factors, including package construction, internal volume, environmental conditions, and differences in the transport properties of various gases.

3.4 Why Is This Level of Hermeticity Important for IMUs and Gyroscopes?

In advanced inertial systems, maintaining measurement stability over time can be just as important as the sensor’s performance when it first leaves the factory.

A gyroscope may demonstrate excellent noise and stability characteristics under laboratory conditions, yet the system in which it is installed may be required to operate for years under changing environmental conditions.

A hermetic package with an exceptionally low leak rate helps minimize one potential pathway through which moisture and external gases could reach sensitive internal components.

This may contribute to long-term reliability, particularly when combined with appropriate thermal design, material selection, controlled manufacturing processes, and environmental qualification testing.

This is the significance of the development introduced by Gladiator Technologies: expanding the design options available to engineers who require advanced inertial measurement performance together with packaging solutions intended to meet stringent hermeticity requirements.

4. Why Is Hermetic Sealing Particularly Important in Military and Defense Systems?

In advanced military systems, inertial sensor reliability is not measured solely by the ability to deliver accurate data under laboratory conditions. It is also evaluated by the sensor’s ability to maintain reliable operation after extended storage, exposure to changing environmental conditions, and operation in demanding environments.

Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) and gyroscopes are used in systems where motion and angular velocity measurements play a critical role in navigation, stabilization, and control.

In these applications, moisture ingress into the sensor package may initiate gradual failure mechanisms that are not necessarily detected during initial product acceptance testing.

Hermetic sealing at the package level provides an additional layer of protection designed to reduce the risk of gas and moisture ingress into internal components throughout the system’s service life.

4.1 Guidance Systems and Missiles – Reliability After Years of Storage

Guidance systems integrated into missiles and precision-guided munitions may remain in storage for years before deployment.

During this period, they may experience temperature cycling, humidity variations, and changing storage conditions.

Unlike industrial systems that operate continuously and undergo periodic maintenance, some defense systems offer limited opportunities to inspect or replace internal components once assembly is complete.

In these applications, inertial sensors may measure angular velocity, acceleration, and motion as part of guidance, stabilization, and control systems.

Gradual moisture ingress into an electronic package may increase the risk of corrosion, deterioration of electrical connections, and failures developing during storage.

A hermetic package with a low leak rate can help reduce moisture ingress through the package boundaries, contributing to the long-term reliability of internal components.

In this context, Gladiator Technologies’ LandMark 007 family is designed for high-dynamic inertial applications, including guidance and short-term navigation systems.

The introduction of a hermetic packaging option for this family enables engineers to combine the sensor’s measurement capabilities with more stringent package-level environmental protection requirements.

It is important to emphasize that hermetic sealing does not replace storage qualification, shock testing, vibration testing, aging assessments, or system-level reliability verification. It is an additional design element intended to address long-term environmental reliability requirements.

4.2 EO/IR Systems – Maintaining Stabilization Reliability

Electro-Optical/Infrared (EO/IR) systems are used for observation, detection, tracking, and line-of-sight stabilization across a wide range of military platforms.

These systems may be installed on UAVs, helicopters, armored vehicles, and stationary surveillance platforms.

Gyroscopes measure angular velocity and provide feedback to control systems that compensate for platform motion.

Unexpected changes in sensor output, such as variations in gyroscope bias, may degrade stabilization performance, depending on the control system architecture and its compensation capabilities.

EO/IR systems may operate in environments characterized by high humidity, rain, temperature fluctuations, and prolonged outdoor exposure.

Even when the electro-optical assembly itself is protected by a sealed external enclosure, protecting the internal sensors remains important.

A hermetically sealed gyroscope package helps minimize potential exposure of internal components to moisture and gases, potentially reducing environmental failure risks over time.

Gladiator Technologies’ G300D family includes digital triaxial gyroscopes used in precision stabilization applications.

The introduction of a new hermetic packaging option for this family expands the choices available to EO/IR system engineers who must balance measurement performance with environmental reliability requirements.

4.3 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles – Temperature Cycling and Humidity

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) frequently operate under highly variable environmental conditions.

During a single mission, a system may experience elevated temperatures on the ground, low temperatures at altitude, and changes in atmospheric pressure and humidity throughout the flight.

After landing, exposure to warm, humid conditions may promote condensation, particularly when moisture is already present inside electronic assemblies.

IMUs are used in UAVs to measure acceleration and angular velocity, supporting flight control, navigation, and payload stabilization systems.

In these applications, maintaining sensor reliability over repeated operating cycles is a key engineering consideration.

Hermetic packaging may help reduce the risk of moisture reaching internal components, particularly when the system must operate for extended periods under changing environmental conditions.

Gladiator Technologies’ LandMark 005 family is designed for applications including flight control, stabilization, and short-term navigation.

The availability of a new hermetic packaging option for this family may be particularly relevant to unmanned systems requiring high environmental reliability while maintaining strict Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) constraints.

4.4 Naval Systems – High Humidity and Corrosive Environments

Military systems installed aboard ships and other naval platforms operate in environments characterized by high humidity and potential exposure to salt and corrosive substances.

Even when an inertial sensor is installed inside a protected assembly, environmental conditions may affect component reliability over time.

In naval applications, gyroscopes and IMUs may be used for observation system stabilization, motion measurement, stabilized platform control, and navigation.

Hermetic sealing at the sensor package level may reduce the risk of moisture and gas ingress through the package boundaries.

However, it is important to distinguish hermetic sealing from external corrosion resistance. Even a hermetically sealed package may require additional corrosion protection, depending on its materials and installation environment.

4.5 Ground-Based Systems – Reliability Under Dust, Humidity, and Temperature Variations

In military vehicles, stabilized turret systems, and ground-based surveillance platforms, inertial sensors may be exposed to harsh environmental conditions for extended periods.

A system may operate at high temperatures during the day, cool significantly at night, and experience humidity, dust, and mechanical vibration.

In these applications, hermetic sealing is not intended to replace the system’s external protection against dust and water.

Instead, it provides additional protection at the sensor package level, helping reduce moisture ingress and environmental failure mechanisms affecting internal electronic components.

Combining suitable external environmental protection, hermetically sealed sensor packages, and appropriate environmental testing may contribute to overall system reliability throughout its intended service life.

5. Hermetic Sealing Does Not Guarantee Higher Accuracy – But It Can Help Maintain Sensor Reliability

One of the most important distinctions when selecting inertial sensors is the difference between sensor measurement performance and the environmental reliability of its package.

Hermetic sealing does not directly reduce measurement noise, automatically improve Bias Stability, or increase sensor Bandwidth.

These parameters are primarily determined by sensor design, MEMS technology, electronic circuitry, calibration processes, and signal processing algorithms.

However, hermetic sealing may help reduce environmental influences that could compromise the long-term reliability of internal components.

5.1 Potential Effects of Moisture Ingress

Moisture entering a non-hermetic electronic package may contribute to several failure mechanisms.

Corrosion of Conductors and Electrical Connections

Moisture, combined with suitable contaminants, may promote corrosion of conductors, contacts, and electrical connections.

Electrical Leakage Currents

Under certain conditions, moisture accumulating on insulating surfaces may increase electrical leakage currents and alter the behavior of sensitive electronic circuits.

Condensation Inside the Package

When moisture is present inside an enclosed cavity, temperature changes may create conditions in which water vapor condenses on colder surfaces.

Reduced Long-Term Reliability

Repeated moisture exposure may accelerate certain aging and failure mechanisms, depending on the materials and construction of the assembly.

In inertial sensors, these failure mechanisms may lead to changes in measurement signals, communication errors, or complete loss of functionality.

However, moisture ingress does not necessarily result in degraded measurement performance in every case. Its impact depends on the sensor architecture and the specific failure mechanism involved.

5.2 The Engineering Advantage of Hermetic Packaging

A hermetic package is designed to limit gas transmission through its boundaries to a specified, low level.

When properly designed, manufactured, and tested against appropriate requirements, it may reduce the long-term exposure of internal components to external moisture.

For military systems, this offers an opportunity to reduce one of the environmental risk factors affecting sensor reliability, particularly in applications requiring extended service life or offering limited maintenance access.

The primary advantage of hermetic sealing is not an immediate improvement in measurement accuracy, but a reduction in environmental failure risks that could affect sensor reliability throughout the system’s service life.

In this context, the development of new hermetic packaging solutions by Gladiator Technologies represents an important advancement for engineers seeking inertial sensing solutions for high-reliability applications.

6. Gladiator Technologies’ New Hermetic Packages – Combining Inertial Performance with Environmental Reliability

Gladiator Technologies, a manufacturer specializing in MEMS-based inertial sensors, is expanding its solutions for military and aerospace applications through the introduction of new hermetic packaging options for several key product families.

As part of its 2026 capabilities overview, the company announced hermetic packaging solutions for three product families:

• G300D – A digital triaxial gyroscope.

• LandMark 005 – A six-axis Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU).

• LandMark 007 – An IMU designed for high-dynamic applications.

According to the manufacturer, the new hermetic packages offer a specified leak rate of 1 × 10⁻⁹ atm·cm³/s, with hermeticity requirements defined and qualified in accordance with MIL-STD-883.

This represents a significant expansion of the company’s product capabilities, enabling advanced inertial sensing technology to be combined with packaging designed to meet stringent environmental sealing requirements.

It is important to note that the manufacturer’s statement refers specifically to the new hermetic package configurations. It should not be assumed that every existing version within these product families provides the same level of hermeticity as standard.

6.1 G300D – Triaxial Gyroscope with a Hermetic Packaging Option

Gladiator Technologies’ G300D family includes digital triaxial gyroscopes based on MEMS technology.

A triaxial gyroscope measures angular velocity around three axes, enabling control and stabilization systems to detect rotational motion and apply the necessary corrections.

These sensors are used in applications such as stabilized electro-optical systems, tracking platforms, guidance systems, and other applications requiring continuous angular velocity measurements.

In military systems, a gyroscope may be installed inside an assembly that is not readily accessible for routine maintenance. In some cases, it must maintain reliability throughout extended storage and operational periods.

The hermetic packaging option for the G300D family is intended to address these requirements by limiting gas transmission through the package boundaries.

The engineering advantage: System designers can select a triaxial gyroscope from the G300D family while considering not only measurement performance but also the hermeticity requirements of the application.

This may be particularly relevant to EO/IR stabilization systems, guidance platforms, and electronic assemblies intended to operate under changing environmental conditions.

6.2 LandMark 005 – IMU for Stabilization, Navigation, and Flight Control

The LandMark 005 family includes six-axis Inertial Measurement Units combining gyroscopes and accelerometers.

Unlike a gyroscope, which measures angular velocity alone, an IMU provides both angular velocity and linear acceleration measurements, making it an important component in navigation, stabilization, and control systems.

LandMark 005 is designed for applications requiring a combination of inertial measurement performance, compact dimensions, and integration capabilities within advanced systems.

Relevant applications include:

• Flight control systems in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs).

• Electro-optical stabilization systems.

• Short-term inertial navigation systems.

• Military systems requiring acceleration and angular velocity measurements.

In these applications, the IMU may experience temperature cycling, pressure variations, and changing humidity conditions throughout its service life.

The addition of a hermetic packaging option to the LandMark 005 family enables system engineers to address the risk of moisture and gas ingress into internal electronic components.

This is particularly important in systems requiring long-term reliability while operating under Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) constraints.

6.3 LandMark 007 – IMU for High-Dynamic Applications

The LandMark 007 family is designed for inertial applications involving highly dynamic motion, including guidance, navigation, and stabilization systems.

In these applications, the sensor may be required to measure motion under conditions involving high acceleration, significant angular velocities, and demanding mechanical environments.

Munition systems, guidance platforms, and highly dynamic military systems may incorporate IMUs as part of their navigation and control architectures.

In addition to demanding dynamic performance requirements, these applications may also require reliability after extended storage periods.

A system may remain in storage for several years before being required to operate under challenging conditions.

During storage, exposure to temperature cycling and humidity may increase the risk of gradual failure mechanisms in electronic components that are not adequately protected.

A hermetic package with a low leak rate may reduce moisture ingress through the package boundaries, helping protect sensitive internal components.

The availability of a hermetic packaging option for the LandMark 007 family complements its high-dynamic measurement capabilities and allows engineers to consider long-term environmental reliability as part of the sensor selection process.

6.4 What Does the New Hermeticity Level Mean for System Designers?

The engineering value of the new hermetic packages extends beyond the leak-rate specification itself.

It comes from the ability to address several design requirements within a single inertial sensing solution:

• Inertial performance: Selecting a gyroscope or IMU according to the system’s measurement requirements.

• Application suitability: Choosing a sensor family appropriate for stabilization, navigation, guidance, or control.

• Environmental reliability: Incorporating a hermetic package designed to limit gas and moisture ingress.

• System integration: Evaluating the sensor as part of a complete assembly that includes environmental protection, thermal management, power supply, and communication interfaces.

Rather than treating hermeticity as a secondary packaging characteristic, engineers can incorporate it into the system requirements from the earliest design stages.

This approach is particularly important in defense projects where long-term reliability, operational availability, and failure risk reduction are essential design considerations.

6.5 What Should Engineers Verify Before Selecting a Hermetic Configuration?

Despite the advantages of hermetic packaging, sensor selection should not rely solely on a general statement of “Hermetically Sealed.”

Before finalizing a design, engineers should verify the following with the manufacturer:

• Configuration availability: Is the hermetic package available for the specific part number being considered?

• Leak-rate specification: What is the specified leak rate, and under which measurement conditions is it defined?

• Applicable test standard: Which MIL-STD-883 test method and revision are used to verify hermeticity?

• Testing scope: Are hermeticity tests performed on every unit, or as part of qualification and sample-based testing?

• Configuration differences: Are there mechanical or electrical differences between the standard and hermetic versions?

• Additional environmental qualification: What other environmental tests have been performed on the specific configuration?

These distinctions are important because compliance with a particular hermeticity requirement does not automatically demonstrate compliance with every environmental or reliability requirement of the complete system.

Through its new hermetic packaging solutions, Gladiator Technologies expands the options available for designing high-reliability inertial systems, combining the measurement capabilities of its established sensor families with more stringent package-level hermeticity requirements.

7. Case Study – Hermetic Sealing in a UAV EO/IR Stabilized Payload

7.1 Operational Scenario – A Stabilized Payload Operating Under Changing Environmental Conditions

Consider a hypothetical military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with a stabilized Electro-Optical/Infrared (EO/IR) payload designed for surveillance, observation, and target tracking.

The payload incorporates a precision stabilization system that uses gyroscope feedback to compensate for aircraft motion and maintain a stable line of sight.

A digital triaxial gyroscope, such as the Gladiator Technologies G300D, may be considered for measuring angular velocity around three axes and providing feedback to the stabilization controller.

During its operational life, the payload may experience:

• High temperatures on the ground: Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight and elevated ambient temperatures before takeoff.

• Low temperatures at altitude: Significant temperature changes as the UAV climbs to its operating altitude.

• Humidity and condensation risks: Exposure to humid environments and repeated temperature transitions during deployment and recovery.

• Mechanical vibration: Continuous vibration generated by the aircraft propulsion system and aerodynamic disturbances.

• Repeated operational cycles: Frequent takeoffs, landings, power cycling, and periods of storage between missions.

Although the payload’s external enclosure may provide IP67 protection against dust and temporary water immersion, this does not necessarily establish the hermeticity of the gyroscope package installed inside it.

7.2 The Engineering Challenge – Protecting the Gyroscope Over Its Service Life

The stabilization controller relies on consistent angular velocity measurements to compensate for disturbances affecting the UAV and its payload.

If the gyroscope output experiences unexpected changes, such as bias drift or intermittent electrical faults, stabilization performance may be affected depending on the control architecture and its compensation capabilities.

However, not all changes in gyroscope output are caused by environmental degradation. Temperature sensitivity, mechanical stress, calibration errors, and other factors may also influence measurement performance.

The specific environmental concern in this scenario is gradual moisture ingress into the gyroscope’s electronic package.

Even when the external EO/IR payload enclosure prevents liquid water ingress, a non-hermetic sensor package may still allow gases or water vapor to enter through microscopic leakage paths over time.

Under certain conditions, moisture exposure may contribute to corrosion, electrical leakage currents, degradation of internal connections, or other failure mechanisms.

These effects may develop gradually and may not be detected during initial acceptance testing.

7.3 The Proposed Approach – Combining IP67 Protection with Hermetic Sensor Packaging

Rather than treating environmental protection as a single enclosure-level requirement, the engineering team evaluates protection at two separate levels.

Level 1 – External EO/IR Payload Enclosure

The external enclosure is designed to meet the applicable IP67 requirements, helping protect the complete payload against dust and temporary water immersion under specified test conditions.

Level 2 – Internal Gyroscope Package

The engineering team considers a hermetically packaged G300D gyroscope to reduce the potential for moisture and gas ingress into the sensor’s internal electronic environment.

According to Gladiator Technologies, its new hermetic packaging solutions offer a specified leak rate of:

1 × 10⁻⁹ atm·cm³/s

The manufacturer states that the hermeticity requirements are defined and qualified in accordance with MIL-STD-883.

The engineering team would need to confirm that this specification applies to the exact G300D configuration under consideration and review the relevant test documentation.

The two protection approaches serve complementary purposes:

• IP67 addresses external dust and water ingress under defined test conditions.

• Hermetic sealing addresses gas leakage through the sensor package boundaries.

• Neither approach replaces appropriate thermal design, vibration qualification, or system-level reliability testing.

7.4 Engineering Evaluation – What Should Be Verified?

Before selecting the hermetic gyroscope configuration, the engineering team should evaluate several factors.

Importantly, selecting a hermetically sealed gyroscope does not eliminate the need to characterize its measurement performance under changing temperatures and mechanical disturbances.

Hermetic sealing primarily addresses package integrity and environmental exposure, rather than directly improving the gyroscope’s inherent measurement accuracy.

7.5 Engineering Conclusion – Two Levels of Protection, One Reliability Strategy

In this illustrative UAV EO/IR payload application, the value of hermetic sealing lies in addressing an environmental reliability risk that external IP67 protection alone does not fully characterize.

The external enclosure protects the payload assembly against defined dust and water exposure, while the hermetic gyroscope package provides an additional barrier against gas and moisture ingress into sensitive internal components.

For a stabilization system expected to operate over an extended service life, this layered approach may help reduce environmental failure risks and support long-term operational reliability.

The key takeaway: A stabilized EO/IR payload may require both external environmental protection and package-level hermeticity. These are complementary engineering requirements, not interchangeable specifications.

This case study is a hypothetical engineering example intended to illustrate sensor selection considerations. It does not represent a disclosed customer program, a verified G300D installation, or measured performance improvements resulting from hermetic packaging.